50 Shades of Broken: Why Do Women Fantasize About Abuse?

I first noticed it when I bought my Nook Color last year. Erotica. Everywhere. Written by and for women.

So much for letting my kids peruse the free books section!

It seems that e-readers opened up a whole new world to women, a world they were too ashamed to admit interest in with a Barnes and Noble bookseller judging their literary choices through chunky hipster glasses. What the internet did for teenage boys, the Kindle did for women, providing unrestricted access to titillating titles no one else had to know about.

While I was irritated that I couldn’t surf for free ebooks without wading through a sea of steamy look-alike Smashwords covers, I wasn’t incredibly surprised. After all, girls have been sneaking “bodice-rippers” home in their backpacks for decades. I WAS surprised, however, when “50 Shades of Grey” rode the e-reader revolution right to the top of the New York Times bestseller list.

Haven’t heard of “50 Shades of Grey”? Here’s ABC News’s description, lifted from fellow Redbud Karen Yates’s excellent post on the subject:

Anastasia Steele, 21, and a virginal college student, can’t say no to dashing 27-year-old Christian Grey, who insists she sign a contract that allows him to submit her to his every sadomasochistic whim. In their first sexual encounter, Grey unveils his silver tie and binds her wrists in knots, and Steele does as she is told. He is also fabulously rich, a telecommunications tycoon, and uses his wealth to take care of her like a pampered princess. “Ana,” as he calls her, willingly and excitedly agrees to spanking, whipping and gagging, with props like ice, rope, tape–a repertoire right out of a BDSM (bondage, discipline, dominance and submission) manual. Grey instructs her to call him “sir,” and sets rules on everything from her diet to her most intimate grooming routines.

And this is sexy why?

I’ve written about the abusive themes in romance novels before, and have complained about the incredibly dysfunctional examples set by literary couples from Romeo and Juliet to Edward Cullen and Bella Swan. But really, BDSM erotica takes it to a whole new level. Swooning over a cranky alpha-hero can be chalked up to culturally-induced insanity, but it doesn’t seem to me that there’s anything subtle about the violence dished out in “50 Shades of Grey.”

Why do women fantasize about abuse? And how does it relate to the real-life sexual abuse and domestic violence that one out of four American women experience at some point in their lives?

I found the question so troubling that I did a little research, only to discover that the more it’s studied, the more female sexuality leaves scientists, psychologists, and sexologists shaking their heads in confusion.

Still, several themes emerged. Why do some women fantasize about abuse?

First, there are the cultural reasons. When a person grows up in a home with an abusive father and enabling mother, that’s what they expect relationships to look like. When people are plied with “romantic” stories featuring aggressive men and passive women, they are conditioned to believe that’s what romance should be like.

There are emotional reasons. Many people explain that Christian, the “hero” of “50 Shades of Grey,” was abused. Anastasia submits to the abuse as a way of getting close to him, so she can “rescue” him. It’s the classic “Beauty and the Beast” motif. It’s classic co-dependency. People forget that in real life, Beauty almost never wins. Her self-sacrificial enabling only guarantees her destruction, while turning her beloved Beast into twice the killer, twice the monster. There is no happily ever after when you offer your heart, soul and body to a Beast.

There are psychological reasons. Why did people make up stupid stories like “Beauty and the Beast” in the first place? Probably because they were trying to reframe traumatic experiences in a positive light. It’s a form of psychological self-defense, along the lines of the Stockholm Syndrome. Many victims of abuse also struggle with traumatic reenactment, subconsciously putting themselves (and others) in harmful situations.

There are even physiological reasons. This is a seldom talked-about phenomenon, and an area where men and women differ greatly. Studies show that for men, sexual desire and physical arousal are linked. This is NOT necessarily the case for women! (See diagram above.) Women tend to become physically aroused when they sense any possibility of sexual aggression in their environment. This lowers their chance of injury if they are raped. It’s not dissimilar to the rush of adrenaline people get when riding rollercoasters or watching horror flicks. We are wired to survive.

It is crucial to understand that this DOES NOT MEAN that women want to be violated, any more than a horror fan’s excitement indicates a subconscious desire to be hacked into pieces and plastered into a wall. But this phenomenon can cause a lot of confusion, shame, and secrecy for women who don’t understand why they feel so aroused when they are exposed to threatening stimuli (such as rape scenes in “romance” novels), or who experienced orgasm or other physical responses during an unwanted sexual assault. It also explains why violent fantasies provide such a startlingly effective way for women, alone in the safety of their own home, to manufacture pleasant–if guilt-ridden–feelings of sexual arousal.

So, um, Jenny, WHY are you bringing this up?

The church has gotten a lot better about addressing the use of pornography among men. Some churches even seem to revel in it–after all, men are supposed to be virile, hyper-sexual beings, right? Not a lot of shame in admitting that.

But when was the last time you heard a sermon about sexual addiction in women, much less one that addressed the sort of rape or bondage fantasies that seem popular in women’s erotica? (Yeah, can’t imagine that coming from the pulpit, huh?) This despite the fact that sales of erotica have surged 250% in the last quarter.

Here’s the deal. Women you know are reading this stuff. Women in your church are reading this stuff. They’re just not talking about it. They’re ashamed, and flying under the radar to avoid detection.

Also. Your daughters are reading this stuff. Or their friends are at least telling them about it. Bella Swan was bad enough–do you really want your babies to grow up wishing they could be just like Anastasia Steele?

No? Then we’re going to have to get honest, and start talking about some pretty uncomfortable things.

Like the fact that the three best-selling books in the nation right now are about a 21-year-old girl who has sold herself into sexual subjugation.

Think we might have an issue?

Let’s get talking.

Why do you think women are reading “50 Shades of Grey”?

What implications do you think its popularity will have on society? Will we see an increase in violence against women? A glut of troubled marriages? Increased sexual addictions?

How do you think the Christian community should respond, especially on the local level?

(Disclaimer: I usually will not talk about books without reading them. In this case, however, I am making an exception. I haven’t read them, but intend to go right on blabbing about the themes they present. So there.)

—-
Jenny Rae Armstrong is an award-winning freelance journalist who blogs about faith, social justice, and women’s issues at http://www.jennyraearmstrong.com/. She is passionate about building up the body of Christ by building up women, in her rural community and around the world. She loves making new friends, so drop by her blog and say hi, or follow her on Twitter or Facebook.

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  • SayLaV

    Great. Thank you for a necessary post, Jenny. I don’t really think the pulpit is the place to address this issue, other than as guidelines for biblical, mutually-respectful relationships come up in the exposition of Scripture. But women’s small groups? Absolutely. And it seems the Bible puts it on older women instructing the younger–and that can include college-aged women talking to teens, so we almost all have younger women around us we can care for.

    • http://www.jennyraearmstrong.com Jenny Rae Armstrong

      You’re right–that’s probably a better idea. :-D

  • Lukas

    I think your reasons – as appealing they might sound – hardly can explain the phenomenon of masochism (which isn’t limited to women at all, actually there seem to be way more masochistic men). They stem from a psychoanalytical background, and have no empirical basis, in contrary: Studies researching this issue couldn’t find any pathologies or negative experiences linked to masochism. There might be some cases where it is the symptom of an illness, or where it might be harmful, but usually it seems to be quiet healthy actually…

    • http://www.jennyraearmstrong.com Jenny Rae Armstrong

      You are probably right, Lukas. I posted a clarification above–I have tended to see BDSM erotica as an escalation of “bodice rippers,” but perhpaps they’re not as related as I thought. Still, it does seem that women are transitioning pretty seamlessly from one to the other, if 50 Shades is any indication.

      • Lukas

        Thank you Jenny, I really appreciate that, and I am glad you brought up this interesting discussion :)
        I am still double-minded on what to think of such novels or bdsm erotica. Having such fantasies and even acting upon them (as roleplay) within a secure and consensual relationship is one thing. But portraying those fantasies in stories and images can convey very dangerous beliefs about men, women, and relationships in general, I sure see that point…
        As long as it is seen as fantasy and surreal, it might be similar to any enjoyable action movie, with a recreational value. After all, such fantasys either won’t work in real relationships, or they will feel totally different. What makes them so appealing might even be, that they ARE nothing but fantasy, and therefore very secure.
        However, if that distinction can’t be made, it will get really nasty!

  • Rose

    Jenny great post! For too long the church has been silent and shaming on this subject. Conversations about sex, God and the church are way over due.

    • http://www.jennyraearmstrong.com Jenny Rae Armstrong

      Thanks Rose!

  • Spanky101

    Jenny, I think you are addressing a very complicated issue here–one then goes way beyond 50 Shades. While I do believe that erotica can be very detrimental to women in creating sexual dissatisfaction due to unrealistic situations and standards, I do not believe that Sadomasochistic themes are in any way the same as abuse. I am a believer, a candidate for ordination in the church, and have craved some aspects of a submissive sexual life before I even knew that it was related to sexuality. I am not abused, I do not wish to be beaten or injured, but that does not mean that some forms of pain (ie. spanking) are not a welcome part of my very EQUAL relationship with my husband. (Geez, I hope this is as anonymous as I think it is!! I don’t talk about my sex life very often!) I would just ask that you be careful before you judge. While it is not your cup of tea you may engage in behaviors that I think are strange. God has blessed us with all kinds different ways to feel pleasure and value. ABUSE IS NOT OK. Consensual or not. God does not want us to injure one another for any reason. But power play, within a loving, consensual relationship can often increase the commitment and intimacy within partners. So let’s be careful before we judge too harshly. Erotica and porn are not good, but diverse sexual practices can be fun–if it’s your thing!

    • Lukas

      Very well written, love your honesty! Some theories are way too fast at hand, without considering how stigmatising they might be.

    • http://www.jennyraearmstrong.com Jenny Rae Armstrong

      Thanks for your insightful reply! I posted a clarification above. And I’m certainly not trying to judge anyone–I’m just concerned about where books like “50 Shades” may lead women, and about the themes presented as “romantic” in novels featuring an unhealthy, domineering hero. I know even some of the tame Christian novels I read as a teen gave me bizarre ideas about what a “godly man in love” would/should act like. The arrogance!!! I’m SO thankful for my gentle, godly husband!

  • Drew

    Jenny,

    You continue to be one of my favorite writers on this website.

    Two of my wife’s friends and her sister-in-law read the entire series and posted on Facebook about how great it is. My wife started showing interest in the book, I asked her not to read it, and she hasn’t. I think the draw to the book is that it hits the sweet spot of being “taboo” but has widespread acceptance.

    Entertainment is always seeking to push the envelope a little further, but far too often that becomes the norm, setting the stage to push the envelope a little further. Authors are going to look at the success of 50, and write similar books that push the envelope just a little further. At a minimum, similar books will become the norm. At a maximum, some of the behaviors in the book might start becoming more of the norm as well.

    I think the Church’s response needs to be to continue to draw the line between being in the world and being of the world. Entertainment should not be a big priority for us, and when we do seek entertainment, it should have some kind of value or at least be neutral.

    • http://www.jennyraearmstrong.com Jenny Rae Armstrong

      Thanks for your kind words, Drew. :-) I’m concerned about where that envelope is going to be pushed to, as well. You can bet the beleagured publishing world is sitting up and taking notice. I’m also worried about what these sort of books make women think about themselves, how they view themselves and their desires, and whether it will lead them to put themselves in dangerous, vulnerable situations that might turn out to be WAY less appealing in real life than they seem on the written page.

  • http://www.jennyraearmstrong.com Jenny Rae Armstrong

    A clarification: my tendency has been to view erotica that involves BDSM as an escalation of “bodice rippers” or “romances” that involve domineering men with abusive tendencies. Since I published it on my blog about a month ago, some people have pointed out that there is a difference between BDSM and abuse, beyond the fact that BDSM is consentual. I do not completely understand this (since it seems to me that BDSM by its nature involves fantasizing about abuse) but I am very willing to admit that this article is probably an oversimplification when it comes to addressing BDSM. Still, I do think that women who cut their teeth on romances featuring angsty, dangerous alpha-”heroes” (whether in secular or Christian novels) could easily be drawn into these stories, so I don’t think it’s completely unrelated. And I have heard that there are themes of abuse in 50 Shades that are unrelated to BDSM–although I haven’t read the books and can’t know that for sure. Anyhow–I apologize for any oversimplification, and hope it’s at least helpful on the unhealthy-romance-novel front!

  • A.

    I have many feelings about these books and this issue in general, but I am going to address just one here, because it contradicts something you said in your piece. I know of MANY women who are reading/have read these books. They are not, however, “ashamed” or “flying under the radar” while doing so. No, thanks to the glories of Facebook, many of these women are openly rhapsodizing about these books online. And yes, I am including in this a number of church-going Christians who are posting comments about these books that are enough to make you blush. Let’s just say that I have been very surprised by what I’ve seen. Shame? Incredibly, no.

  • Anonymous

    Hey Jenny, Thank you for writing this article. Sexual addiction and sexuality in general for women is often overlooked by the church. You bring in many important points that are dangerous for women and especially young girls that have not yet been in a healthy relationship such as the “save the anti-hero by loving him enough” theme that is very prevalent when we look to the romance of the literary bad-boy. Sex cannot save a man or a relationship. In 50 shades of grey, a young woman puts herself in a very dangerous situation and really the only reason she comes out of it with a happy ending is because its a work of manmade fiction.

    As for the dominating sexual themes. You do bring up some warning bells in how 50 shades of grey romanticizes what is clearly not a equal relationship and does not address how harmful (in all ways) a relationship like that can be. Sex that is not sanctified by our Lord leaves consequences that can be very difficult to heal from.

    As for the BDSM, dominating theme of 50 shades of grey, honestly whether or not a woman/man enjoys some rather “cough” unusual types of acts in the marriage bed is between that person, their spouse and the Lord. I once was listening to a very good sermon on podcast who basically broke down what God envisions sex to be: in marriage, between mana and woman and completely consensual and non-harmful (what is considered harming is for each person to decide). The fact is that many couples that honor God and lead their local bodies of church perhaps do have a pair of handcuffs and blindfold in the bedroom drawer. I think after reading your comments you would agree with what I’m trying to say.

    The objection that I bring up, like you, with the erotica genre is how it is basically porn. Why is the church willing to overlook erotica literature and not an internet video when both are explicitly sexual? Is it because erotica demands the reader envision sex while the video just plain shows it? if this is the case then the church is forgetting that God gave man imaginations that are very realistic. when someone (and I am speaking from experience since I’ve been struggling with this for over a decade) reads erotica and starts getting “turned on” by the sexual implications very drawn out, that is as harmful and sinful to oneself, God and if that person is in a romantic relationship, as if sitting and watching video porn. Erotica is a problem. The church needs to start addressing that sexual sin and addiction is very much a problem for many women.

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